Country Russia Background Geography Location Europe to Eastern Asia Borders Azerbaijan Belarus China Estonia Finland Georgia Kazakhstan North Korea Latvia Lithuania Mongolia Norway Poland Ukraine Area 17,098,242 sq km Terrain Broad plain with low hills west of Urals; vast coniferous forest and tundra in Siberia; uplands and mountains along southern border regions Climate Ranges from steppes in the south through humid continental in much of European Russia; subarctic in Siberia to tundra climate in the polar north; winters vary from cool along Black Sea coast to frigid in Siberia; summers vary from warm in the steppes to cool along Arctic coast Natural resources Wide natural resource base including major deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, and many strategic minerals, bauxite, reserves of rare earth elements, timber, note, formidable obstacles of climate, terrain, and distance hinder exploitation of natural resources Land use agricultural land: 13.1% arable land: 7.3% permanent crops: 0.1% permanent pasture: 5.7% forest: 49.4% (2018 est.) Politics Government Semi-presidential federation Suffrage Universal Further notes Has become more authoritarian in recent decades. Economics Currency Rouble: ₽, RUB UN classification Economy in transition GDP per capita $27,044 USD Industries Complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles; defense industries (including radar, missile production, advanced electronic components), shipbuilding; road and rail transportation equipment; communications equipment; agricultural machinery, tractors, and construction equipment; electric power generating and transmitting equipment; medical and scientific instruments; consumer durables, textiles, foodstuffs, handicrafts Population and trends Population 142,320,790 (75% urban) Median age 40.3 Population growth rate -0.2% Average life expectancy 72 Male 66.6 Female 78 Ethnicities Russian 77.7% Tatar 3.7% Ukrainian 1.4% Bashkir 1.1% Chuvash 1% Chechen 1% Religion Russian Orthodox 15-20%, Muslim 10-15% Poverty and well-being Literacy 99.7% Unemployment rate 4.6% Population below poverty line 12.6% Inequality index (Gini) 37.5 HPI: 16%, 44th out of 140 countries Happy Planet Index Happy Planet Index 18.7 (116th out of 140 countries) Energy Electricity 22% renewables Crude oil production 10.8million Barrels per day, No. 2 in world. Carbon footprint 10.19 tonnes per capita, world average = 4.7 Ecological footprint 5.69gha (World average = 2.75. Sustainable = 1.63) Energy use 56,756 kWh per capita Biodiversity Species numbers on land 266 mammal species 780 bird species Endangered species numbers 31 mammals 9 reptiles 36 fish 8 molluscs 12 plants Pollution and Waste Waste measured Sept 2018​ (total logged by World Bank) 0.93 kg per capita per day Air pollution​ 42.73 deaths per 100,000 Transport Cars per 1000 people 388 Public transport 133.6 billon passenger km in 2019 1157 million passengers in 2018 Gasoline fuel consumption 0.91 litres per capita Climate Action Paris agreement pledges 2030 target: 25-30% below 1990, which would be 18-25% above 2010. Climate Action Tracker rates this as Critically Insufficient. Climate action tracker – currently “highly insufficient” as this would not hold temperatures below 2 degrees C, let alone 1.5 degrees C. They would be consistent with rises of 3-4 degrees C. Sources and further reading [1] https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/russia/ [2] https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/climate-change-report-card-co2-emissions [5] https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/ [6] https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/wesp/wesp_current/2014wesp_country_classification.pdf [7] https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/gini-coefficient-by-country [8] https://www.britannica.com/place [9] https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14123260 [11] https://www.globalexchange.es/en/currencies-of-the-world/ [12] https://www.indexmundi.com/morocco/economy_profile.html#:~:text=Key%20sectors%20of%20the%20economy,broker%20for%20business%20throughout%20Africa. [13] https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-most-visited-countries-in-africa.html [15] https://www.cbd.int/countries/profile/?country=ma#:~:text=Moroccan%20biodiversity%20includes%20more%20than,marine%20ecosystems%20are%20especially%20rich. [17] http://awsassets.panda.org/downloads/05062019_wwf_marocco_guidebook.pdf [18] https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/what-waste-global-database/resource/de74cc68-e796-4e42-9793-f140719c91ac#{view-graph:{graphOptions:{hooks:{processOffset:{},bindEvents:{}}}},graphOptions:{hooks:{processOffset:{},bindEvents [19] https://ourworldindata.org/air-pollution